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I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.
句子解析:
who引导的定语从句修饰individual;此定语从句的宾语部分the activity of ... problems较长,做elect的宾语,为避免句子头重脚轻,此宾语部分被放到了句尾;此定语从句的宾语补足语为as his primary duty and pleasure in life。
参考译文:我将他定义为一个把道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考作为自己人生主要任务和乐趣的人。
或者译为:我将他定义为这样一种人:他们把道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考作为自己人生的主要任务和乐趣。