考研英语 概要写作分析阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要写作是对原文的高度浓缩，是阅读、概括、写作等综合能力的体现。概要写作的训练能帮助学生提高文本解读的能力，提高语言运用能力。“经常指导学生对文章进行概要写作训练，
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
主题：人与社会---家庭教育语篇类型：议论文 语篇词数：345
写作词数：60 难度：中
语篇解读：
关键词：praise kids, the right amount of praise, effort, outcome
主旨概要：过度赞扬和不赞扬对孩子都不利，父母要适度赞扬，而且赞扬应是真诚的，强调努力过程，而不是结果。
重难点词：backfire适得其反, insincere不真诚
重难点词块：the opposite extreme另一个极端, build one’s confidence建立信心, take a risk冒险, see no point in doing找不到做某事的意义, the right amount of praise适度赞扬, a verbal reward表扬, the end product产物, a case-by-case basis在一个个例子的基础上
长难句分析：
1.Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.: when given作状语, where引导定语从句修饰top，全句大意为：太多表扬会适得其反,而且表扬不真诚会让孩子害怕尝试新鲜事物，或者不敢冒险，因为他们害怕不能一直保持父母赞扬的那样领*位置。
2.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.:A be as...as B句型，全句大意为：赞扬过少和赞扬过度一样有害。
3.One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.: that引导的表语从句中有强调句型it’s A not B that matters，全句大意为：有一件事要记住，重过程，而不是重结果。

百科知识：
1. The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids:1988年8月出版，作者Dr. Jenn Berman[美]。书中主要介绍了都市父母面临的26种重要问题，每一章详细并通俗易懂地讲述了一个问题，让繁忙的父母能快速查阅到他们需要的部分。当你的孩子长大时你仍可以反复参阅这本书。
2.Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. ：2007年8月出版，作者PaulJ.Donahue。作者在书中介绍了6种常见的父母焦虑。这些焦虑不能让父母有效、有爱、成功地养育孩子。作者还提供了工具，指导父母摆脱焦虑、重设目标，让孩子成长为独立、坚强、合作、自尊的人。
试题分析：
这篇文章属观点论说类，即为议论文。文章逻辑严密，结构严谨，围绕育儿中赞扬这一话题展开。分别提出赞扬过度赞扬过少的不良后果，并建议怎样适度赞扬，接着用例子加以说明论证。因此，行文应尽量保持原文逻辑和风格这类文章的概要要点应包括the result of praising kids too much/too little, the right amount of praise,the quality of praise focuses on the effort rather than the outcome。前二段的观点一分为二，因此应注意概括全面性，勿遗漏要点。如：１.在信息提取时，不仅要筛选main point，还要提取supporting details。
2.Examples不是次要信息，不能忽略，同样要概括。
写作难点:1.考察信息提取和意义筛选的能力,即区分事实和观点、重要和次要、原因和结果
等复杂的逻辑关系；
2.通过上下文和句子结构猜测backfire， the end product ，stay on top等词义。
3.通过分析句子结构理解长句和难句。
4.英文解释英文的能力，做到完整、客观、连贯、简洁。