雅思阅读填空类的题型是雅思区别于传统
英语考试的一个特色题型之一。根据出题形式的不同,填空类题型可以分为Sentence completion (句子填空题) , Summary (段落摘要)。
而填空题的本质都是考察在学术性文章中寻找归纳信息的能力,上述2种形式填空题都需要借助语法、词法知识,分析所需填空文章中相关句子的含义。
填空题的题目一般都是陈述句,所填空格为原文原词.在做题之前一定要仔细阅读指令。指令包含两个方面:
一、是题目所在文章中的范围。
例:complete the summary of paragraphs E and F with the list ofwords A-H below. (C5T3P2)那么仔细阅读完指令后我们发现只需要读E和F段。
第二是字数:choose no more than three words from the passage for each answer.这句话说明文章字数不可以超过三个。
当我们阅读完指令后,我们需要来寻找定位词,定位词一般是专有名词,大写字母缩写,数字和斜体字等优先。个别题目定位词并不明显,我们需要先做相临题目,在正推或者逆推解题。
当确定好定位词后,我们接着要判断所填空格词性,可以根据空格处语法成分来判断,例如:As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7________ by the king.
根据空格处 a 我们可以判断所填空格为单数可数名词。而我们又可以根据题干中king来定位到文章中 the Dictionary, together with other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension.
而根据我们刚所判断的单数可数名词,空格处只能选pension。同时注意这里King offer him a pension和he was granted apension是个主被动转换。所以虽然所填空为原文原词,但要注意以下三种转换:
词性变化:necessary v.s. necessity
语态变化:Government have encouragedwaste paper collection and sorting schemes. v.s. People have also beenencouraged by government to collect their waste on a regular basis.
同义词(选项):tight v.s. restricted
再如:The word 'echolocation'was first used by someone working as a _____. (C7T1P1Q13)我们根据空格前面的a判断空格所填词为单数可数名词,同时working as 是非谓语动词做定语修饰someone,由此我们可以判断空格处应该为人,而'echolocation'有引号,是特殊名词,可定位。
直接定位到一段 The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonarand radar.
我们看到这里有两个表示人的词,一个是以表示人的后缀ist结尾的zoologist,一个是人名Donald Griffin,由此我们可以判断该空填zoologist,而具体人名和someone进行了替换。
这里Donald Griffin coin the term echolocation 和 the word echolocation was first used by someone是主被动转换。而coin在这里不再是硬币,而是创造,对应first use。