在阅读中,尤其是在专升本试卷阅读理解后两篇文章中,长难句是必然会出现的,而对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。学会了长难句分析也有助于我们做翻译部分的题目,阅读和翻译是每个学校必考的题目,也是主要涉及长难句分析的题型。那么,长难句出现的原因是怎么?到底应该怎么分析长难句呢?今天我们来帮助大家解决这个难题。
一、长难句出现的原因
(1)中心词加了较多修饰语,后置的定语给理解带来较大困难。
(2)简单句加了较多修饰语,尤其是非谓语动词,含义丰富,形式灵活。
(3)含有三大从句的复合句。
(4)并列成分、对等结构的存在。
(5)同位语、插入语的运用。
(6)特殊句式的使用:倒装、强调句型和省略。
二、分析长难句的方法与策略
(一)抓住主干,分清主次 何为句子主干?即句子的主语和谓语。 1.句子主语 主语(subject)是一个句子的主题(theme), 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在句首。主语一般有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、主语从句来充当。 (1)A man called you just now.(名词) (2)Most of us like surfing the Internet.(代词) (3)One in ten were for the plan.(数词) (4)It is kind of you to give me so much help.(不定式) (5)Helping others is helping yourself.(动名词) (6)Whether he will come is uncertain.(主语从句) (7)It's said that he will not come back again.(主语从句)
三、长难句的分析实例 (Book6Unit5The power of nature )
(1)Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. 分析:此句主干是I am never bored,而其前面出现了四个状语,分别是working outdoors, in an office, using scientificequipment和meeting local people and tourists。
(2)Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. 分析:此句是句套从句,一层是although引导的让步状语从句,第二层是because引导的原因状语从句。
(3)However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on the earth- volcano. 分析:此句是that引导的表语从句,从句中出现了两个介词短语of the most powerful forces和on the earth,我们可以把它们看成是一个整体。
(4)I was appointed as volcanologist information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. 分析:which引导的是一个非性定语从句,主句中information是中心词,for a database about Mount Kilauea是其定语,而在这个介词短语中又有一个中心词database,所以就 形成了“ C 的 B 的 A ”结构。
(5)Having collected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 分析:此句难点有三处,一是doing的完成时,相当于一个时间状语从句;二是predict后为宾语从句;三是宾语从句中需识别出中心名词lava,而其后的from the volcano是其后置定语。