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SectionA
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Millionsdie early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economymore than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26occurring in the developing world.
Thefigures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income aloneamounts to $225 billion a year.
Thereport includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, whichincludes
28like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decadesdespite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidlyalong with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
Directorof Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the riskfactors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals havelittle 31 ,”he said.
Theeffects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in someplaces lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-andmiddle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerouslevels of outdoor air pollution.
Butthe problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands dieprematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many Europeancountries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more commonin recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.
2018年12月英语四级选词填空题目：
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Millionsdie early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economymore than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26occurring in the developing world.
Thefigures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income aloneamounts to $225 billion a year.
Thereport includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, whichincludes
28like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decadesdespite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidlyalong with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
Directorof Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the riskfactors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals havelittle 31 ,”he said.
Theeffects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in someplaces lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-andmiddle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerouslevels of outdoor air pollution.
Butthe problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands dieprematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many Europeancountries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more commonin recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.
A)abilityI)exclusively
B)associatedJ)innovated
C)consciouslyK)regularly
D)constantL)relates
E)controlM)sources
F)damageN)undermine
G)describedO)vehicles
H)equals
2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案：
26.F damage (损害)
27.B associated (与……有联系)
28.M sources (来源)
29.D constant (不断的， 常存在的)
30.G described (描述)
31.E control (控制)
32.H equals (等同于)
33.K regularly (经常地)
34.I exclusively (仅仅地)
35.O vehicles (车辆)

2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案解析：
26.F damage
空格所在句子的含义为：空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，很大的... ...发生在发展家。根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损失有关联的词汇，另外在语法上这里应该填入一个名词被devastating，“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们应该可以确定答案为damage，“损害”n.
27.B associated
空格所在句子的含义为：这个福利数字包含许多与空气污染... ...的福利费用，比如健康与消费。根据语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs的后置定语，另外从语义上判断，associated with air pollution做cost的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，语义上也符合上下文语境。
28.M sources
空格所在的句子的含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的... ...。从语法上判断这里应该填入名词，并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做饭，另外从语义上判断sources like home heating and cooking 表示像暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语境。
29.D constant
空格所在句子的句子，是28空所在句子的下半句，含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的来源，在过去的几十年间......，尽管室内污染这个区域取得了一些进步。从语法上判断，这里应该填入一个形容词，另外从语义上判断，constant“不断的，常存在的”，符合上下文语境。
30.G described
空格所在句子的含义为：Chris Murray 参与了这次报告，她把这次报告...为对行动的紧急呼吁。从语法上，这里应该填入一个谓语动词，另外从语义上看，describe表示描述，符合上下文语境。
31.E control
空格所在句子的含义为：在所有造成过早死的不同危险因素当中，我们所呼吸的空气是一个领域，对于这一点个人无法... ...。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，从语义上看，control表示控制，符合上下文语境。
32.H equals
空格所词组的含义为：收入几乎... ... GDP的1%。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个动词，从语义上看equal表示等同于，符合上下文语境。
33.K regularly
空格所在句子的含义为：低中收入国家当约十分之九的人住在有空气污染的地区，在这些地区他们 ... ... 经受达到危险水平的室外空气污染。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副词，来修饰动词experience，“经受”，从语义上看regularly experience，表示经常经受，符合上下文语境。
34.I exclusively
空格所在句子的含义为：但是这个问题不... ...局限于发展家。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副词，修饰动词limited，“局限”，从语义上看exclusively“**的，仅仅”，符合上下文语境。
35.O vehicles
空格所在句子的含义为：在许多欧洲国家，柴油车辆在近几年变得更加普遍。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，来被diesel修饰，，从语义上看diesel vehicles表示柴油车辆，复合上下文语境。