今天小编给大家带来了关于考研英语的知识点分享，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助，预祝大家考试顺利，生活愉快。心中有梦就要一如既往，不能遇到困难说放就放，千锤百炼才能磨练出好钩。
one.
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.
解析：句子较为简单，主干为为主谓宾结构= The relation of language and mind /has interested /philosophers；for many years 为时间状语。
翻译：几个世纪以来，语言与心灵的关系一直是哲学家们感兴趣的问题。
two.
(61)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe longbefore people realized how diverse languages couldbe.
解析：这是一个复合句。句子主干是The Greeks assumed that......that引导整个宾语从句。which引导后面的定语从句，定语从句中嵌套long before 引导的时间状语从句。时间状语从句中嵌套how引导的宾语从句,其中how diverse languages could be.做realized的宾语。
翻译：希腊人认为语言的结构与思维的过程有着某种联系，这一点早在人们认识到语言是如此多样性之前便扎根于欧洲了。
three.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.
解析：首句主干为only位于句首引导的部分倒装结构，具体规则如下：副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。that 引导定语从句，根据that从句的系动词were可判定定语从句修饰languages.，二句虽然30个单词整句较长，但主干为简单句，即主系表结构 == two anthropologists—linguists /were / pioneers；Franz Boas and Edward Sapir 为主语的同位语，翻译时可直接抄写英文原名或音译为汉语。介词短语in describing many native languages of North and South America 修饰pioneers, 作为名词的修饰成分，可译为“的”结构。介词短语during the first half of the twentieth century 为整句话的时间状语。
翻译：直到近日语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己截然不同的语言。二十世纪上半叶，两位人类学家、语言学家弗朗兹·博阿斯·爱德华·萨皮尔（Franz Boas Edward Sapir）率先描述了北美洲和南美洲的许多土著语言。
four.
(62)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
解析：句子的主干是We are obliged to them，后面because引导整个原因状语从句。嵌套as引导的状语从句，并列三个谓语动词，修饰前面的vanished。who spoke them是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词peoples 。
翻译：我们之所以感激两位语言学家，是因为一些语言从此消失了，而这又是由于说这些语言的民族要么灭绝了，要么被同化了，从而丧失了他们的本土语言。
five.
Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, were not always so grateful.
解析：句子主干为主系表结构=other linguists]were]not always so grateful.in the earlier part of this century为介词修饰成分修饰主语other linguists，however为插入语，修饰整句话承接与上句之间的转折逻辑关系。who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from“exotic”language为定语从句修饰限定other linguists,该定语从句的翻译时可译为“的”结构，也可根据上下文之间的逻辑关系译为汉语中的“原因状语”。
翻译：然而，本世纪早期的其他语言学家并不总是那么感激，因为他们不太愿意处理来自“异域”语言的奇异数据。
six.
(63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
解析：The newly described languages是主句主语，were是谓语，so.....Asia是表语，之后嵌套的是一个that引导的结果状语从句，of fabricating their data是宾语 Boas and Sapir的宾语补足语。
翻译：这些被描述的语言通常与欧洲和东南亚已经得到充分研究的语言有显著的不同，以至于一些学者甚至指责波斯和斯拜尔在编造他们的数据。
seven.
(63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recongnized and studied.
解析：句子的主干结构是两个表示时间对比的并列句The role of...was formulated only..., and the selective role of...is only beginning to...每一个句子的主语都比较长，都是名词 介词短语结构。Only a little...ago是时间状语。两个分句都是被动语态，可以主动语态表示被动。
翻译：自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
eight.
Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.
解析：①句子主干为主系表结构 = Native American languages / are/ indeed different. 美洲土著/本土语言非常与众不同.
②so much so in fact that ….预计很多同学会逐字翻译进行理解，但逐字翻译显然不通，一般这种情况，都考虑为一种类似固定的说法或搭配，翻译理解时不要死盯该部分，只要能区分出该部分是修饰成分，抓住主要意思即可。例如：so much so 所指内容较虚，但in fact 表“事实上”，取该部分的主要意思即可。so much so in fact that = so much different / in fact/ so that = 如此与众不同/事实上/以至于 = 调整汉语的语序表达为：事实上如此与众不同以至于
③that从句为结果状语从句。
翻译：美洲原住民的语言确实不同，以至于二战期间纳瓦霍语可以被美方用作密码来发送秘密信息。
nine.
Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages.
翻译：萨皮尔的学生本杰明·李·沃尔夫继续研究美洲印第安语。
ten.
(64)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
解析：句子开头是Being interested 引导的现在分词结构做原因状语从句。句子主干是Whorf developed the idea。之后是that引导的同位语从句，解释说明idea。
翻译：由于沃尔夫对语言和思维的关系感兴趣，他形成了一种观点，即语言的结构决定了一个社会中习惯性思维的结构。
eleven.
He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.
解析：
1. 主句主干为主谓宾 = he reasoned that 引导的宾语从句
2. because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, 为宾语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句，其中it为形式主语，to formulate certain concepts and not others 为正真的主语，in a given language 为介词短语修饰 整个从句。
3. the speakers of that language / think / along one track and not along another 为主谓结构 介词短语along one track and not along another 为状语。
翻译：他解释说，因为用一种语言表述某些概念比表述其他概念更容易，所以说这种语言的人是沿着一条轨道思考，而不是沿着另一条轨道思考。
twelve.
(65)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
解析：句子主句是 Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism，其中 to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism是不定式结构做表语。Which引导定语从句修饰determinism，in its strongest form是插入语，its指代的是which，which又指代前文中的linguistic determinism，定语从句中嵌套两个that引导的并列宾语从句。
翻译：沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端的形式强调语言禁锢思维，并且一种语言的语法结构能够对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

thirteen.
Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
解析：①首句为but连接的并列句。前半句主干为主系表结构 = this idea/ became/ to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 译为：这种观点成为了知名的萨皮尔—沃夫假说，其中to be known as …为动词不定式充当became 的表语。后半句依然为主系表结构 = this term / is/ somewhat inappropriate. 译为：这个术语有点不妥。②句子主干为主谓宾结构 = Sapir himself/ never explicitly supported/ the notion of linguistic determinism. =萨皮尔（Sapir）自己从来没有明确地表示过支持语言决定论的观念。③修饰成分为although引导的让步状语从句, 从句本身也是主谓宾结构 = both Sapir and Whorf/ emphasized / the diversity of languages. = 虽然/尽管Sapir和Whorf都强调语言的的多样性/差异性。
翻译：后来，这个观点被称为萨皮尔-沃尔夫假说，但这个术语有点不恰当。尽管萨皮尔和沃尔夫都强调语言的多样性，但萨皮尔本人从未明确支持语言决定论的概念。
单词整理.
explicitly明确地；明白地
notion观念; 信念; 理解
assume：认为，假设，假定，承担
diverse：多种多样的，不同的
vanish：disappear消失
assimilate：吸收，同化
striking：显著的，突出的
fabricating捏造, 伪造, 虚构
pioneers先锋; 先驱; 带头人; 开发者; 拓荒者;
词组整理.
accused sb. of sth.指责／谴责某人作了某事
be obliged to sb. 感激某人
native languages 母语，本民族的语言
die out 灭绝
the process ofthought思想的过程；思维过程
took rootin生根；扎根
long before 早在…之前
how diverse 多么的不同；多么的千差万别
have connectionwith：与……有关系