PTE考试中的“非谓语动词”,又称作“非限定性动词”,指三种不同的动词形式:动词不定式、-ing分词以及-ed分词。系统的介绍在此就省略了,毕竟再让大家区分like to do和like doing可能会被群轰。 那么,今天就来讲一些可能会让大家犯迷糊的非谓语动词用法吧。 PTE考试中的非谓语动词的详细用法!
1. would like, should like等短语;或love, was /were, intend, mean, want和expect等词后加上不定式的完成体表示未实现的愿望。 e.g. I'd like to have gone with you on your hike last week. 我上周本来打算跟你一起去远足的。(但是没去) 大家有没有想起should have done, could have done等词组?它们都表示未完成,由此看来have done的否定含义还是有律可循的。
2. “be 不定式”可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,也可以表示命令、禁止。 e.g. He is to give up drinking. 他必须要戒酒。
3. 特殊句型的被动语态。 e.g. They observed Tom enter the building. Tom was observed to enter the building. e.g. They observed Tom entering the building. Tom was observed entering the building.
4. too...to句型表肯定含义的情况 大部分人只要一看到too...to就会马上想起否定的含义,“因为太xx而不能做xx”,但是在下面这些句子中它可以表示肯定意义: e.g. I'm only too pleased to see you. I'm very pleased to see you. 我见到你太开心了。 如果还硬要翻成否定含义的话,结果就是: —我现在太开心了,不想见你。
再举一例: He is only too glad to help you. He is very glad to help you. 例题: 试译: It's too nice of you to come. 参考答案:你能来真是太好了。 关于too...to的用法还是要结合语境来理解比较稳妥,其实之前讲到这个知识点的时候给的例句“I'm only too pleased to see you.”中的“only too”也可以单独理解为一个固定用法,意思是“非常”,也算是回归到对“too”的理解上了("too" can be used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, an adverb, or a word like "much" or "many")。
再来看一个例句:He is too busy not to stay up too late. 这句话应该先不看“not”,句子变成“He is too busy to stay up too late.”,这里的too后面的形容词“busy”不是我们之前讲的“nice,good”等品质类的修饰词,所以还是按照“too...to”句型的否定含义来翻译,即:他太忙了,不能熬夜。 然后再把“not”补回来,就成了“他太忙了,不得不天天熬夜。”