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词汇短语
1.thrift[θrft] n. 节俭
2.sober up 清醒,理智起来
3.paradox [prdks]n. 悖论,反论
4.portfolio[p:tfli] n. (个人或机构的)投资组合,有价证券组合
5.bond[bnd]n. 债券
6.make the case that 提出理由、事实证明
7.make a pitch for 为……说好话,为……做宣传
8.membership [membp] n.会员资格(或身份)
9.lay the foundation 奠定基础
10.Treasury [treri]n.
11.get away with 侥幸逃脱
12.shape up 改善
13.pay down 用现金支付
14.charge [tɑ:d] v. 用信用卡付款
15.government stimulus 刺激措施
16.ease [i:z]v. 使变得容易,有助于
17.obscure [bskj(r)]v. 使模糊
18.moral [mrl]n. (由故事、事件引出的)教训,寓意
19.virtually [v:tuli] ad. 事实上,几乎
20.profligacy['prflɡs]n. 浪费
21.wring sth out of sb 从……处费力弄到;从……压榨出
(标*的为超纲词)
Part 3
翻译点评
ⅠNow we seem to be starting to rediscoverthrift. Debt levels are falling. Consumer spending is down. The savings rate is on the rise. Great, right Not exactly. The suddensobering upof the American consumer happens to be the No. 1 force driving the U.S. and global economies downward. We're saving more, yet we're all getting poorer.
翻译:如今我们似乎开始重新发现节约(的好处)。债务水平下降,消费者支出降低,储蓄率在不断上升。很棒,是不是?未必如此。美国消费者的突然清醒恰恰是美国及全球经济下滑的罪魁祸首。我们的储蓄多了,但我们都变穷了。
点评:段Ⅰ 指出目前的节俭风使得美国及全球经济继续下滑。其中关键词有:①thrift(节约);②downward(下滑)。衔接手段①Now引出前四句对当前情形“我们重新开始节俭(rediscover thrift)”的描述。第二至四句为对rediscover thrift的具体说明。②第五、六句作者以自问自答的方式转而指出,节约未必是好事。③第七、八句解释“当前的节约不是好事”的原因。the sudden sobering up和we're saving more均回指段首四句内容。driving the U.S. and global economies downward 和getting poorer则指出当前节约风导致的后果:加速美国乃至全球经济下滑。
ⅡThis is what some economists call theparadoxof thrift. Paul McCulley, an economist andportfoliomanager atbondgiant Pimco, defines it like this: “If we all individually cut our spending in an attempt to increase individual savings, then our collective savings will paradoxically fall because one person's spending is another's income—the fountain from which savings flow.”
翻译:这就是有些经济学家所说的“节约悖论”。保罗·麦考利,经济学家兼债券巨头太平洋投资管理公司的投资组合经理,这样解释它:“如果我们都为了增加个人储蓄而减少各自的支出,那么我们的集体储蓄反而会降低,因为一个人的支出是另一个人的收入,这是储蓄的源泉。”
点评:段Ⅱ 指出上文所述现象属于“节俭悖论”,并解释何为节约悖论。其中关键词有:the paradox of thrift(节约悖论)。衔接手段①首句承接上文,指出该现象被经济学家称为“节俭悖论”。this 回指上文所述现象。②第二句引用Paul McCulley的原话对“节约悖论”进行解释(defines it):为了增加个人储蓄(individual savings)而降低个人花销(individually cut our spending),则集体储蓄会降低(collective savings)。
ⅢAt present, while retailers and a few economists stillmake the case thatmore consumer spending would be a really great thing, our nation's political leaders have concluded that it's too soon to issue calls for more shopping. New York Times columnist David Leonhardtmakes a clever pitch forspending now on things that will save you money later-such as Kindles and Costcomemberships.
翻译:目前,当零售商和一些经济学家仍然在找理由证明“更多的消费支出将会是一件非常棒的事”时,我国的政治领导人认为发出增加消费的号召为时过早。《》专栏作家大卫·哈特则宣扬现在要购买今后可以帮你省钱的东西,例如Kindle电子书和好市多(Costco)会员资格。然而,这个方式也是矛盾的。
点评:段Ⅲ 针对“是否应该鼓励消费”展开论述。其中关键词有:consumer spending(消费支出)。衔接手段①retailers and a few economists...political leaders ...David Leonhardt表明本段涉及三种观点。Consumer spending, shopping, spending 为近义词复现,凸显本段讨论对象“是否该鼓励消费”。②首句通过while的转折作用介绍两种相对的观点:零售商以及部分经济学家鼓励更多消费,则不主张呼吁更多消费。③第二句指出David Leonhardt的折中方法:现在购买将来能为你省钱的物品。
ⅣStill, the approach remains paradoxical. Our profligacy has gotten us into trouble, and so the response is ... moreprofligacy There is no shortage of critics who contend that today's massive government spending is simplylaying the foundationofanother financial crisis, this one centering on a loss of confidence inTreasuriesand the dollar.
翻译:我们的挥霍使自己陷入困境,所以现在的回应是……更多的挥霍?不乏有批评家指出,目前的大规模支出只是为下一次金融危机埋下种子,而再一次危机的焦点将是人们对和美元丧失信任。
点评:段Ⅳ承接上段,介绍对“哈特折中法”的批评意见。其中关键词有:paradoxical(矛盾)。衔接手段①首句the approach回指哈特提出的折中方法, still...paradoxical进一步指出这一这种方法依然是一悖论。②第二句反问句式指出矛盾所在:浪费(profligacy)已让我们身陷困境,现在指望让浪费为我们脱离困境?③第三句进一步指出批评观点:的大量花费会引发下一场危机,使人们对和美元失去信心。another financial crisis暗示本文写作背景:经济低迷。
ⅤFor now, we're betting that it won't—and investors from around the world are letting usget away withit by continuing to buy U.S.-government debt. We will, however, eventually have toshape up. Consumers mustpay downtheir credit cards, and the country must pay down at least part of its debt. “Some of the painful adjustments that are taking place are not avoidable,” says David Blankenhorn, founder and president of the Institute for American Values. “Wringing debt out of our economyat every level is a painful and inevitable process, and it isn't going to be solved bychargingmore things at the supermarket.”
翻译:眼下,我们认为这不会发生,全世界的投资者会继续购买美国国债从而使我们摆脱困境。但是,我们迟早得振奋。消费者必须偿还他们的信用卡,国家也必须至少还清它的部分债务。“当下发生的一些痛苦的调整是不可避免的,” 美国价值观研究所的创建者及大卫·布兰肯霍恩指出。“从我国经济的各个层面挤出欠款是一个痛苦且不可避免的过程,而这并不是在超市用信用卡买更多的东西所能解决的。”
点评:段Ⅴ 论证作者对“哈特折中法”的看法。其中关键词有:shape up(改进)。衔接手段①首句承接上文,指出目前不会引发金融危机。it回指第四段末句内容,for now 点明时间限度,破折号后指明原因。②第二句利用however转而指出,我们需要改进自身行为。Eventually 和for now 形成呼应。③第三句consumers must...the country must...详释第二句,指出消费者和国家分别应作出的改变:个人偿还信用卡,国家偿还欠债。④段末两句引用布兰肯霍恩的话指出作出调整的必要性和难度。Painful的复现强调其难度;not avoidable, inevitable, isn't going to be solved by charging more things at the supermarket则强调调整势在必行。
ⅥBlankenhorn isn't opposed to usinggovernment stimulustoeasethe transition, but he's worried that it couldobscurethe need for big changes in behavior. “If themoralof today's crisis is ‘Let's stimulate this and empty that, and as soon as things get back to normal, we can go back to a debt culture,’ that's just not a sustainable idea,” he says.
翻译:兰肯霍恩并不反对运用刺激来使过渡更容易些,但是他担心,这可能会掩盖在行为上进行重大改变的需求。“如果目前危机的寓意是‘让我们刺激这个,掏空那个,一旦一切恢复正常,我们就可以回归债务文化’,这并不是一个可持续的主张,”他说。
点评:段Ⅵ 承接上文,进一步阐述布兰肯霍恩的观点。其中关键词有:government stimulus(刺激)。衔接手段①首句通过句内转折(but)指出:布兰肯霍恩并不反对刺激,但是担心刺激可能会使得行为改变的需求模糊化;the transition再次暗示本文写作背景:经济低迷。②第二句再次引用布兰肯霍恩的原话对首句加以佐证:刺激能使过渡更容易些,但不具有可持续性(not a sustainable idea)。
ⅦHe's right.Virtuallyall economists agree that there is no paradox of thrift in the long run. Saving stimulates investment. Careful management of resources brings prosperity. Thrift is its own reward. Just not right this second.
翻译:他是对的。事实上所有经济学家都同意从长远来看,并不存在节约悖论。储蓄刺激投资。资源的有效管理带来繁荣。节俭自身就是回报,只是不在此时此刻。