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一、部分 英国文化
第1章?谁是英国人
I. Multiple Choices.
1. Which of the following peoples were the ancestors of the Welsh? （首都师范大学2009研）
A. The Celts.
B. The Romans.
C. The Danes.
D. The Anglo-Saxons.
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】英国威尔士人的祖先为凯尔特人；盎格鲁-撒克逊人是英格兰人的祖先。
2. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?
A. The Anglo-Saxons.
B. The Normans.
C. The Vikings.
D. The Romans.
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊人西元5世纪起移居不列颠群岛，并建立起一个的王国，10世纪时发展成英格兰王国。故选A。B项诺曼人曾于1066年入侵英国。C项维京人就是北欧海盗，从公元8世纪到11世纪一直侵扰欧洲沿海和英国岛屿。D项罗马人曾在公元前43年至公元410年统治英国。
3. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because _____.
A. they wanted to increase its control over Ireland
B. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in
C. they intended to expand their investment
D. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】英国鼓励国民从苏格兰和英格兰北部移居到爱尔兰北部是为了通过混居同化爱尔兰民族特点和文化，从而加强对其的控制。
4. The “land of song” refers to _____.
A. Ireland
B. Wales
C. Scotland
D. England
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】威尔士素有“歌曲之乡”（Land of Song）的美誉，造就出许许多多的音乐人才和优良的音乐传统。每年威尔士都会举行国际音乐和诗歌艺术节，吸引着来自全世界各地的诗人和艺人。故选B。
5. The English are mainly descendants of _____.
A. Celts
B. Anglo-Saxons
C. Vikings
D. Norman Conquerors
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】B项盎格鲁-撒克逊人西元5世纪起移居不列颠群岛，并在十世纪建立起英格兰王国，被认定为英国人的祖先。A项凯尔特人被认为是不列颠岛的原始居民，但现在人数很少。C项维京人就是北欧海盗，从公元8世纪到11世纪一直侵扰欧洲沿海和英国岛屿。D项诺曼人曾于1066年入侵英国。
6. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain?
A. Economic differences between north and south.
B. Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales.
C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.
D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】根据英美文化知识，英国具有南北之间的地区差异、白领雇员和蓝领工人之间的阶级差异以及与本土居民之间的文化差异。但苏格兰和威尔士之间并没有社会体制的差异。因此B项错误。
7. Which of the following is NOT true about Britain?
A. It used to be a powerful imperial country in the world.
B. It plays an active role as a member of European Union.
C. It is a relatively wealthy and developed country.
D. It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】直到现在，英国仍然是世界上强大的国家之一。因此D项错误，当选。
8. As King Alfred was not able to drive the Danes out of England, he made a treaty with them, allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England, which later became known as _____.
A. the Danelaw
B. Wessex
C. Sussex
D. Normandy
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】阿尔弗雷德同丹麦人签订协议，允许丹麦人治理英格兰东北地区，这部分地区后来被称为“丹麦区”，选A、B、C项盎格鲁-撒克逊七国时期的两个国家。D项为法国诺曼底。
9. Which of the following is not one of the 3 largest cities of the U.K.?
A. London
B. Edinburgh
C. Glasgow
D. Birmingham
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】敦（London）是英国一、大城市及一、大港，欧洲大的都会区之一兼世界三大金融中心之一。人口751.24万，面积1,577.3平方公里，是世界十大都市之一。伯明翰（Birmingham）是英国的第二大城市，面积266平方公里，人口103万，是英国的煤铁主要产地。格拉斯哥是英国第三大城市。爱丁堡（Edinburgh）是苏格兰首府，不在三大城市之列。故选B。
10. Cardiff is the capital of _____.
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northern Ireland
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】加的夫（Cardiff），英国威尔士地区首府，是威尔士的大城市，英国西南部的重要港口和工业、服务业中心。英格兰首府是敦。苏格兰首府为爱丁堡（Edinburg）。北爱尔兰首府是贝尔法斯特（Belfast）。故选C。
11. The two large islands that make up the British Isles are ______.
A. Scotland and Ireland
B. Britain and Scotland
C. Great Britain and Northern Ireland
D. Great Britain and Ireland
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】不列颠群岛由两座大的岛屿和无数小岛组成。两座大岛分别是大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛（Great Britain and Ireland）。英国由不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰和周围5500个小岛（海外领地）组成。故选D。

II. Fill in the blanks.
1. The full name of the United kingdom is the _____ and_____.
【答案】United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland查看答案
【解析】英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2. Soon after 700 BC the Celts from _____ of Northwest Europe came to settle on the Isles. The first wave of Celtic invaders was the _____, whose language is still spoken in Scotland. From about 500 BC another group of the Celts called _____ came. A third wave, _____ from Northern Gaul, arrived about 100 BC and occupied the greater part of what are now known as the Home Counties.
【答案】Upper Rhine Land; Gaels; Brythons; Belgae查看答案
【解析】公元前700年，欧洲西北部莱茵河上游的凯尔特人开始来到不列颠群岛，首先是盖尔人，然后是布立吞人，后是来自高卢北部的比利其人。盖尔人的语言现在同英语一样是苏格兰的语言。Home Counties，指敦周围诸郡。
3. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in _____ century.
【答案】the 5th查看答案
【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊人公元5世纪起移居不列颠群岛，并建立起一个王国，10世纪时发展成英格兰王国。
4. The roots of English literature lie deep in the tales of Denmark and other Scandinavian countries because for many years _____.（北京交大2004研）
【答案】England had been ruled by the Danes查看答案
【解析】从8世纪末开始，以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚人多次袭击英国，后来控制了英国大片地区。
5. The capital of Scotland is _____, which is well known for its natural _____.
【答案】Edinburgh；beauty查看答案
【解析】苏格兰首府爱丁堡是一个历史悠久、风景秀丽的文化城市，素有“北方雅典”之称，还有“欧洲美丽城市”之誉。
6. The flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is sometimes called the _____. This red, white, and blue flag was first used in _____.
【答案】Union Jack; 1801查看答案
【解析】詹姆斯一世曾在上签自己的法文名字，英语读音为“杰克”，故英国有时被昵称为“联合杰克”。
Ⅲ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans.
_____
【答案】T查看答案
【解析】根据苏格兰的历史，他们没有被罗马人侵略过。
2. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales.
_____
【答案】T查看答案
【解析】大不列颠岛主要由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士三部分组成。
3. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain.
_____
【答案】F查看答案
【解析】从地理角度看，北爱尔兰位于爱尔兰岛北部，它不属于大不列颠岛的一部分。
4. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes.
_____
【答案】T查看答案
【解析】英国人以外的民众在说英格兰的时候，会误认为是在讨论英国，但它们实际上并不能等同。
5. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British.
_____
【答案】F查看答案
【解析】苏格兰和威尔士人民仍然怀有强烈的民族意识，对作为一个英国人的身份认识并不强烈。
Ⅳ. Explain the following in English.
1. Anglo-Saxons
【答案】They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century and who were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.查看答案
2. Teuton
【答案】Teutons were groups of people including the Jutes, Angles and Saxons who conquered Britain in 449. They turned out to be the first Englishmen.查看答案
Ⅴ. Answer the questions in English.
1. Give brief introduction to the historical formation of the population in Britain.
【答案】
(1) The English people, descendants of Anglo- Saxons, came to England after the Romans left Britain in 410 AD.
(2) The Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the Celts who came to England before the Romans.
(3) A substantial number of Scandinavians settled in Great Britain and Ireland during the 9th century.
(4) In 1066 the Normans conquered England.
(5) Protestant French sought refuge here in the 17th century.
(6) Sailors of African ancestry came in the 18th century.
(7) Jews from central and Eastern Europe immigrated in the late 19th century and during the 1930s and late 1940s.
(8) The minorities such as Chinese, Asian Indians, Pakistanis, Africans, and Caribbean people of African ancestry came to Britain substantially after 1945.
2. What’s the difference between the two terms “English people” and “British people”?
【答案】
(1) British people include not only the people in England, but also the Scottish people, the Irish people, the Welsh people, and some other minority groups.
(2) English people refer to the descendants of the English-speaking Anglo-Saxons who conquered the native Celts in England in the 5th century.
(3) Nowadays, the British people are well mixed for a national state and in this sense the two terms, the English people, the British people are interchangeable.
3. What do you know about Scots and Picts?
【答案】
(1) British Celts displaced from the south by Saxon invasion occupied the area around what is now Glasgow, and in this same period people from northern Ireland invaded the south-west. They were called the Scots, and it is they that gave the modem country of Scotland its name.
(2) The original Scottish, Celts, were called Picts and they were left with the extensive but unproductive highland zone.