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Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
在17世纪至18世纪早期这一百年间，一股浪潮——史上很大的人类迁徙之一，从欧洲涌向了美洲。(46)在多种强大的动机驱使下，这次运动在荒野上建立了一个国家，而且就其本质而言，塑造了一个新大陆的特点和命运。
(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.

(47)美国是两股主要力量作用的产物：一是具有不同思想、风俗和民族特征的欧洲各民族的进入，一是这个新国家在修改那些特征之后造成的影响。必然地，殖民地时期的美国是欧洲的投影。成群的英格兰人、法国人、德国人、苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、荷兰人、瑞典人和很多其他的人都陆续横跨大西洋来到这儿，他们试图把他们的习惯和传统照搬到新大陆。
(48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.