考研英语阅读真题复习心得总结 ，说来搞笑，这一篇也是看完一段，讲到斯宾塞的社会达尔文理论，我立即心中一亮。心里暗暗高兴，觉得这一篇妥妥的了，因为这个理论我很熟悉呀，而且更关键的是别人可能不一定熟悉吆，这是什么心理。结果这一激动，没想到后面就错完了，那也是妥妥的呀。
血淋淋的事实再一次证明，不管看到什么话题，一定不要得意，得意也不能忘形，要不然一定是啪啪打脸。
答案是不会给你开玩笑的，说错就错，毫不留情。
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. (41)
一段首先介绍了达尔文的生物学进化论，随后引出斯宾塞的文化进化论，进而扩展到人类社会的广阔现象。接下来41题一个空。
先把文章通读一遍，然后再看选项，逐个分析。
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. (42)
这边美国的另一位科学家介绍了关于文化进化另一种理论，在他的理论中研究人类社会的，习惯，信念，早期的人类学家，试图发现社会进化中的所有文化变化的各个方面。
接下来第二题的一个空。
In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. (43)
这边又一个人类学家发展了另一个新理论，称为历史特殊论，这个理论强调文化的性，是另一个新方向。

下面43题的空。
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. (44)
还是上面这个人觉着，任何社会的文化都必须是**历史发展的结果，而不是许多文化广泛的进化阶段或者文化类型的其中之一。
下面44题的空。
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. (45)
这个历史特殊注意理论成了主导理论，但是还有很多人反对，他们支持文化的扩散理论，他们认为每一个重要的文化都会扩散影响其他文化。
下面又是45题的空。
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.