为
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【文章难句】Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.
【词汇突破】center on
集中在…;以…为中心
engage in
从事于(参加)
penalize
展开全文vt. 处罚;处刑;使不利
misdeed
n. 罪行;犯罪
【结构分析】本句的主干为 Theories suggest。that children … behavior 是宾语从句。centering on the individual 为现在分词结构作 theories 的定语。that … or that … 是 or 引导的并列宾语从句作 suggest 的宾语。because … misdeeds 为原因状语从句。that … because … or that … 翻译为 “是因为……或是因为……”。
【参考译文】以个人为中心的理论认为,少年参与犯罪行为是因为他们以前的过错没有得到足够的惩罚,或是因为他们在和其他人互相交往的过程中学会了犯罪行为。