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One could argue that the process has the potential to be carbon neutral over very long time scales but not in the short term. And that means it’s not a useful strategy when world leaders are working to reduce global carbon emissions immediately.
【难点词汇】
argue v. 说理,论证;讨论
potential n. 可能性,潜在性;潜能
over long time scales 在较长时间内
in the short term 在短期内
mean v. 意思是;意味着
strategy n. 策略;规划
carbon emission 碳排放
【结构解析】
1. One could argue that the process has the potential to be carbon neutral over very long time scales but not in the short term.
该句主干为“主谓宾从”结构,即:one /could argue/ that …;

that从句主干为“主谓宾”结构,即:the process/ has / the potential …; to be carbon neutral为后置定语修饰the potential; over very long time scales but not in the short term 为时间状语。
2. And that means it’s not a useful strategy when world leaders are working to reduce global carbon emissions immediately.
该句主干为“主谓宾从”结构,即:that/ means/ (that) ….; 从句主干为“主系表”结构,即:it / is not / a useful strategy;when从句为时间状语从句
【参考译文】
人们可以认为,在较长的时间跨度内来看,这个过程有可能碳中性的,但短期内它不是。这就意味着,当世界各国领导人想要立即减少全球碳排放量时,这并不是一个有效的策略。