其实初、高中的学生对于基本语法是有一定掌握的,分析
托福阅读里面的长句子不会特别困难。难的是很多学生只知道理论,在阅读文章理解文章的时候,很少有耐心来分析清楚一个句子的真正意思。
分析长难句看似比较花时间,然而通过老师的指导和分析,可以发现自己在分析句子中有哪些语法上的薄弱点。学生在练习一段时间后,不仅能更加准确的理解文章意思,阅读速度也会有相应的提高,就不会再是一知半解、凭感觉做题了,正确率自然也会提升。
具体表现为以下 3 种情况:
题目要读懂才能做
很多学生题目都没有认真读懂,就开始做题,也就意味着学生在文章中无法准确的找到定位,这样不仅浪费时间,正确率也不高
例题:According to paragraph 3, the presence of the tsetse fly in the eastern and central Africa caused which of the following?
题目说的是从第三段中我们能够了解到 the presence of the tsetse fly in the eastern and central Africa caused 下面那些情况,属于事实信息题。
首先我们要明白题目到底问的是什么,也就是我们所说的关键词是the present of the tsetse fly (在非洲的东部和中部)以及找到caused (造成了)什么.
这一段虽然内容很多,但是只要记住核心是the present of the tsetse fly, 这样就很快可以在本段倒数第三句找到我们的定位句:The only protection against human and animal sleeping sickness, a disease carried by the tsetse fly, was to avoid settling or farming such areas - a constraint severally limiting the movements of cattle - owning farmers in eastern and central Africa.这句话讲了这种tsetse fly 给非洲中部和东部的人们的生活和放牧都造成了很大的,刚好就是题目中的关键词。
紧跟着下一句就是,As a result, small cattle herds spread south rapidly in areas where they could be grazed.
答案就出现啦 cattle herders spread south where they could graze their stock in tsetse-fly-free areas.
学生很容易选错是因为这些学生虽然看到了这一句,但是又继续往后看,看到了hunters 等一些其他信息,可能也没有读明白,但是觉得这也是答案,就误选了其他选项。
小结:一定要认真审题,确定题目到底问的什么,一定要在文章中定位准确,否则事倍功半。
题目读懂了,在文章中找到了定位
然而定位的句子还是需要认真分析
例题:What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about a region with a higher level diversity of animal species?
and the relative humidity is much greater near the ground. The complexity of themicroclimate is closely related to the complexity of structure in vegetation, andgenerally speaking, the more complex the structure of vegetation, the more speciesof animal are able to make a living there. The high plant biomass of the tropics leadsto a greater spatial complexity in the environment, and this leads to a higher potentialfor diversity in the living things that can occupy a region. The climates of the higher.
其实,这道题并不是很难,文章中已经说了 generally speaking, the more complex the structure of vegetation, the more species of animals are able to make a living there. 通过这句也能够推断出来, a region with a higher level diversity of animal species 同时应该也有更高的植物多样性。
并且,下面一句就详细的阐释了这一观点:the high plant biomass of the tropics leads to a greater spatial complexity in the environment, and this leads to a higher potential for diversity in the living things that can occupy a region.
这个句子稍微有些长,我们把句子中主要的成分找出来:
主语是the high plant biomass of the tropics
谓语是leads to
宾语是a greater spatial complexity
状语是in the environment
and 在这里是连词,连接两个句子。this 为代词,在第二个句子里做主语。我们也要弄明白在这里this 指代的是上面的这种现象;leads to 为谓语;宾语为a higher potential for diversity in the living things后面的that 从句又是起什么作用呢,that can occupy a region.是一个定语从句,来解释这些living things
所以分析清楚这些,理解整个句子就不成问题,答案自然也会很快出来了。
题目读懂定位正确,选项不能掉以轻心
学生很难做到仔细分析选项到底是什么意思,就凭感觉选一个,甚至觉得选项长的就是正确的。这种做法并不可取,要想获得高分,还是要认真谨慎些。

例题:Why does the author ask the reader to “imagine a winding stream”?
A.To explain how the presence of bars change the speed and direction of water flow in a stream
B.To explain why bars are more common than alluvial fans or other types of sediment deposits
C.To illustrate the particular difficulties that commercial navigation faces on many rivers
D.To help explain how point bars are formed
A选项这个错误选项较长,我们一起来分析一下它到底讲的是什么:首先找出这个宾语从句的主语是,the presence of bars,谓语往往容易弄错,可以是change,也可以是change 和flow(flow 可以作为名词、也可以是动词)再仔细看,如果flow 是谓语的话,那它的逻辑主语是谁呢,只能是direction of water,这样的话flow 应该加 s, 因为没有变形式,所以这里flow 只能是名词,也就是完整的表达 the direction of water flow (水流的方向), in a stream 介词短语做定语。
所以就可以找出这个句子的主语是the presence of bars,谓语是change,宾语是the speed and direction of water flow in a stream
这样句子意思也就清晰了,根据文章段落意思,并没有说 bars 能够改变水流的速度和方向,所以是错误的。