考研英语基础语法特殊句式,强调句、倒装句、虚拟语气、强调句是基本语法 ,是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。英语常用的强调结构是"It is (was) 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语) who (that)…"。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。
一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。 常见到的强调形式,共有以下七类:
1 用dodoesdid V可表强调 Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.
⒉adv或adj可表强调:Never only Very This is the very question that deserves careful analysis.
⒊双重否定可表强调 Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.
⒋what引导的主从可表强调 What really matters is cooperation.
⒌倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调) Little do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.
⒍比较状语从句可表强调 Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.
7 强调句型可表强调 It is was 被强调部份 that who 原句剩余部份 It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps.
倒装句 例子: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve o’clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。 Here it is. 在这里。
虚拟语气主要用来表示假设,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。 陈述语气
表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。如: Iraq is an Asian country. 伊拉克是亚洲国家。(肯定句) The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20,2003. 美英联军直到2003年3月20日才发动第二次海湾战争。(否定句) Who was it that they want to help? 他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀?(疑问句) How interesting my stay in China has been! 我在的日子过的真有趣!(感叹句
祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 请帮个忙好吗? Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 Hope you succeed! 祝你成功! If only we had been college students last year! 上一年我们要是大学生该多好!