GMAT语法技巧分享，在正式书面语中，为了避免句子产生歧义，同一句中的相同的代词必须指代相同事物。
注意事项：
1. 在同一句中，同一代词的不同形式应看作是相同的代词，如they/ their/ them。
2. 如果选项区别点仅在名词和代词时，通常优选含有名词的选项，因为名词不会出现指代不明的情况。（注意：只是优先选，不是一定就选这个）
例1. Therules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local electionsthan they are in national elections because they typically involve smalleramounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse. (A) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in localelections than they are in national elections because they typically involvesmaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse. (B) Because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present lessopportunity for abuse,
the rules that govern political contributions are lessstringent in local elections than the rules are in national elections. (C) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in localelections than national elections because they typically involve smalleramounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse. (D) Because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money andpresent less opportunity for abuse than national elections, the rules thatgovern local political contributions are less stringent than nationalcontributions. (E) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in localelections than they are in national elections because local elections typicallyinvolve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.
解析：
例1. Therules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local electionsthan they are in nationalelections because theytypically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity forabuse. (A) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in localelections than they arein national elections because theytypically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity forabuse. (B) Because theytypically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity forabuse, the rules thatgovern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than therules are in national elections. (C) The rules that governpolitical contributions are less stringent in local elections than national elections because they typically involvesmaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse. (D) Because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money andpresent less opportunity for abuse than national elections, the rules that govern localpolitical contributions are less stringent than national contributions. (E) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in localelections than they are in national elections because local elections typicallyinvolve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.

选项分析：
A. 句中的两个代词they其指代对象不相同，because从句中的they根据其语法意思应该指代句子主语the rules，但是将the rules带入because从句中时却发现句子逻辑意思不合理，按照其逻辑意思来看应该是指代local elections，而than后面的代词they却是指代句子主语the rules，相同的两个代词指代的对象却不一样，造成句子意思混乱。
B. 句首原因状语从句中的they指代对象不合理，按照语法意思其应该是指代句子主语therules，但将the rules带入从句后却发现其逻辑意思根本就不合理。
C. 比较对象概念不对等，the rules与nationalelections属于不同的概念，两者之间不具有可比性。
D. 同C，比较对象the rule与national elections概念不对等，两者不可比。
E. correct。
选项排除：
1. 句子全划线，先将句子化简，发现句中有两个相同的代词they，同一句中的相同代词必须指定相同的事物，于是检查这两个they其指定对象是否相同。根据句子逻辑意思来看，一个they是指代the rules，而第二个they却是指代local elections，两代词指代不一。依次验证其他选项，可发现B中从句中的代词they也指代不合理，所以排除AB。
2. 从题干中还看到了比较级than，“见到比较看对象，对象通常不可比”，于是检查选项中的比较对象是否合理，发现选项CD中 than前后所对比的对象概念不对等，the rules与nationalcontributions是属于两个不同的概念，两者之间不能进行比较，排除CD。
注：看到全划线的题目，先别慌，首先化简句子，找出句子的主干来。若一时找不出明显的考点，则优先分析与原文相似的选项。
正确句子：
The rules that govern political contributions/are less stringent in local elections than/ they are in national elections/because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money/ and presentless opportunity for abuse.
翻译：
在政治捐款的管理条例中，地方性的条例没有全国大选的条例那么严格，因为地方性通常所涉及的金额相对较小，同时的机会也会相对较少。
例2. To compare thelightning-fast genius of playwright Tom Stoppard with the pedestrian efforts ofsome of his contemporaries is to compare the exquisite bouquet of a fine winewith that of ordinary grape juice. (A) To compare the lightning-fast genius of playwright Tom Stoppard withthe pedestrian efforts of some of his contemporaries is to compare theexquisite bouquet of a fine, wine with that of ordinary grape juice.(B) To compare the lightning-fast genius of playwright Tom Stoppard with thepedestrian efforts of some of his contemporaries is comparing the exquisitebouquet of a fine wine with that of ordinary grape juice.(C) Comparing the lightning-fast genius of playwright Tom Stoppard with thepedestrian efforts of some of his contemporaries is to compare the exquisitebouquet of a fine wine with ordinary grape juice.(D) Comparing the lightning-fast genius of playwright Tom Stoppard with thepedestrian efforts of some of his contemporaries is like comparing theexquisite bouquet of a fine wine with ordinary grape juice. (E) To compare the lightning-fast genius of playwright Tom Stoppard with thepedestrian efforts of some of his contemporaries is to compare a fine wine’sbouquet with ordinary grape juice’s bouquet.