近年来雅思听力考试的“8大考点”，即：同义替换、答案前置、补充选项、出尔反尔、干扰信息、结构转换、推理判断和单词拼写。本文结合真题系统讲解这“8大考点”的出题思路。
考点6：结构转换
一、考点介绍
结构转换主要出现在填空题中，该考点指的是录音材料中与题目相对应的句子的表述结构发生了转换，例如，题目中问题的结构是their是形容词作定语，修饰空格处要填的名词，而录音材料中的表达是the impact of those，这里的of those和题目中的their是同义替换，该句的结构是介词短语作名词impact的后置定语，impact就是空格处要填的内容。
其他的结构转换还有名词作前置定语和介词作后置定语的转换，主动语态和被动语态
的转换等。
二、真题示例
Example 1
(Cambridge IELTS 11 Test I Section I Question5)
【真题回顾】
Question 5
Complete the note below.
WriteONE WORD ANDYOR A NUMBERfor each answer:
HIRING A PUBLIC ROOM
Before the event
·Will need a 5…….. license
【听力原文】
SOFFICIAL: Well, you'll have to pay extra for the kitchen if you want to use that. It's ￡25.
It's got very good facilities-good quality cookers and fridges and so on
WOMAN:OK, well I suppose that's all right. We can cover the cost in our entrycharges.
OFFICIAL: Right. So I'll make a note of that. Now there are just one or two things youneed to think about before the event. For example, you’ll have to see aboutgetting a license if you're planning to have any music during the meal.
【考点点拨】

答案：music
①预测：画出题目中的关键词need、license。根据题目中的a….. license, 预知要填名词或形容词，表示哪方面的许可证。
②定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：For example, you'll have to see about getting
a license if you're planning to have any music during the meal.
③考点：结构转换。题目中的关键词license在定位句中重现，后面听到的是if you're
planning to have any music,答案就是music。注意：定位句中的if you'replanning to have any music是if引导的条件状语从句，说明在什么条件下需要license,而题目中的music是名词作前置定语，修饰license。
Example 2
(Cambridge IELTS II Test 1 Section 3 Question 27)
【真题回顾】
Question 27
Choose the correct letter; A,B or C.
27 Greg and Lisa think Miyake's results could have been affected by
A the length of the writing task.
B the number of students who took part.
C the information the students were given
【听力原文】
LISA: A huge change. Pity it wasn't to an A, but still! No, but it does suggest that thewomen were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.
GREG: Yes. Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details. Like, did the students dothe writing just once, or several times? And had they been told why they weredoing the writing? That might have affected the results.
LHSA: You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve,then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?
GREG: Exactly.
【考点点拨】
答案：C
①预测：画出题目中的关键词Miyake's results、have been affected by, 题目问的是Miyake
的结果可能受什么影响。再画出选项中的关键词：A length, writing task, Bnumber、students, C information、students were givens.
②定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：Yes. Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of
details. Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times? And hadthey been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected theresults.
③考点：结构转换。题目中的关键词results、have、affected在定位句中重现，定位句说的是That might have affected the results.这里的that指的是had they been toldwhy they were doing the writing,这句话中的they been told、why they weredoing the writing分别和选项C中的students were given、information对应，答案就是C。注意：定位句中的That might have affected the results.是王动语态，题目中的Miyake's results could have been affected by the information thestudents were given.是被动语态。