今天小编给大家带来的是2007年考研英语之大智若愚，希望对大家有所帮助。
Let's begin
For the past several years, the Sunday newspapersupplementParadehas featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visualanalogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences,among othersimilar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savantfieldssuch queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love andfondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvioushowthe capacity (to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns)suitsone (to answer questions that haveeludedsome of the best poets and philosophers.)
supplement : an extra separate section, often in the form of a magazine, that is sold with a newspaper.
feature : to have an important part in sth.
query : to ask a question.
analogy: a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features.
among others : 其他之中
field: to receive and deal with questions or comments.
fond: feeling affection for sb, especially sb you have known for a longtime.
elude: to manage to avoid or escape from sb/sth, especially in a clever way.
在过去的几十年里，周末杂志的增刊P，设了一个叫做提问玛丽莲的专栏。人们被邀请向MVS询问，他在10岁时就参加了23岁的心理水平测试，在测试中给她打了228分，这是有史以来的高分数。在智商测试中会要求你去完成表达和视觉的推理，去想象一张纸被折叠后又裁剪后的样子，还要去推测数字序列，和其他类似的任务。当MVS回复来自普通人J的问题时，比如爱和喜欢有什么不同，或者运气与巧合的本质是什么时，会有一些困惑。具有去形象化一个事物和找出数字规律的能力是否适合去回答连伟大的诗人和哲学家都不愿回答的问题，这点我们还不清楚。

Clearly, intelligenceencompassesmore than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
encompass: to include a large number or range of things.
compass: 指南针
compassion: 同情
显然，聪明不只是包含在一场考试中的分数里。那么聪明意味着什么？智力可以量化到多少？我们能从神经学、基因学、计算机科学和其他领域关于智力能了解多少？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of thempopulatebookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores (like vos Savant’s) are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by thechronologicalage and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as theScholasticAssessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
chronological: arranged in the order in which they happened.
scholastic: 学校的、学术上的
capture : to succeed in getting control of sth that other people are also trying to control
即使智商测试没有之前用的那么多，但人类定义智力的术语似乎仍然是智商分数，测试通常有两种形式，一种是斯坦福-比莱特，另一种是韦克斯勒智力测量表。它们都有成人版本和儿童版本。虽然它们的各种版本在书店和网上都有，但通常只有由心理学家来进行测量，需要几百美元。而像VS这种很高的分数不会在出现了，因为评分现在是基于在同龄人中的人口分布统计来打分，而不是简单的用真实年龄除以心理年龄在乘以100。其他标准，比如学术能力测试和研究生入学考试，都了包括智商测试的主要方面。
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elementswhich isnecessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is / Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, (components also critical to problem solving and life success.) Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well (once populations or situations change.) Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, /butunder high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who hastoiledthrough SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
toil: to work very hard and/or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work.
toil through : 费劲的做事
matter : a subject or situation that you must consider or deal with.
R认为，这种标准化的测试可能不会测试到所有在学校和生活中取得成功所需要的重要因素。在他的智商测试有多聪明文章中提到，传统测试分析能力和表达能力，但是没有对创造力和实际知识进行测试，这些也是解决问题和取得成功的关键因素。另外，一旦人口和形势发生了变化，智商测试就不太一定预测的准。研究人员发现，当测试在低压环境下进行，智商可以反应领导能力，但是当在高压下测试，智商就与领导力是负相关关系。这就是表示其测试结果是相反的。另外任何经历过学术能力测试的人可以证明在这项考试中方法技巧同样很重要，知道什么时候要去猜，或者选择要跳过什么样的问题。