托福考试阅卷人也往往比较看重考生是否能够灵活运用多样化的词汇和表达。
因此，想要提高托福写作分数，除了清晰的思路、完整的框架，简洁有效并且多样化的语言也是至关重要的。富于变化的词汇能让表达更加丰满，让考官眼前一亮。
这些词是我们写每篇文章必然会用到的一些词汇，可以说，掌握了这些词，不管遇到何种话题的写作题目，我们都可以从中找到借鉴，时刻为写作加分。
下面就列举了托福作文常见的10大话题及200个相关词汇。200个单词不算多，尽快背。
一、教育 (education)
学校教育 schooling家庭教育 upbringing (parenting)远程教育 tele-education
素质教育 quality-oriented education小(中、大)学教育 primary(secondary, tertiary) education
男女同校 co-education(segregated education)获取知识 acquire knowledge传授知识 impart( inculcate) knowledge灌输高尚的道德观 instill high moral values
教学方法 teaching method学习成绩 academic performance受过良好教育 well-educated学科 discipline专业知识 expertise死记硬背 learn things by rote创造力 creativity塑造性格 shape(mould) one’s character学生的反馈 students’ feedback(input)评价老师的教学 evaluate teachers’ performance理论知识 theoretical knowledge
二、现代科技和大众媒体(modern science and mass media)
信息时代 information age(era)
不断进步的技术 advancing technology
跟上科学的发展 keep ahead of scientific advances获取————新的信息 acquire the latest messages做些厌倦和复杂的工作 do some tiring(drudgery)and complicated work
大众媒体 mass media
信息量大的 informative缺乏感情交流 be lack of emotional exchanges新闻报道 coverage了解国内外发生的一切 learn what is happening at home and abroad
收视率 audience ratings有教育意义的 instructive接触不良信息 have access to (be exposed to )some negative information
有误导性的 misleading(misrepresented, distorted)虚假广告 false (cheating) advertising掩盖真相 mask (cover up, gloss up, whitewash)the truth名人 celebrities丑闻 scandal侵犯隐私 violate(invade, infringe on, intrude on)one’s privacy道德准则 code of ethics(conduct)
三、全球化及影响(globalisation and its effect)
经济全球化 economic globalisation
文化同一性 cultural uniformity
文化多元化 cultural diversity
文化冲击cultural shock
主流文化 dominant culture促进文化的融合 promote cultural integration
融入新的文化 merge into new culture
融入国际贸易 participate in the world trade相互认同 mutual acceptance双赢局面 win-win situation
接受不同的文化和价值观 embrace different cultures and values
开拓全球市场 explore the global market
扩大出口 expand export吸引外资 attract foreign capital面对面交流 face-to-face communication友好和好客 be friendly and hospitable变得西方化 become westernised加大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor
对国内企业构成威胁 pose threats to domestic enterprises
激怒当地人 irritate local people
四、文化与习俗 (culture and customs)
跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication
传统文化 traditional culture文化同化 cultural assimilation文化遗产 cultural heritage文化习俗的象征 symbol of cultural customs
接受外来文化 embrace exotic culture
缩短文化差距 bridge cultural gaps
民族特性 national identity
民族自豪感 a sense of national pride归属感 a sense of belonging
相互交流文化 exchange mutual culture吸取精华,去其糟粕 absorb the essence and discard the dross
旅游观光的风景区 tourist attraction风土人情 local customs and practices促进当地经济的发展 boost the growth of local economy和平共处 coexist in harmony消除偏见和敌意 dispel(remove) prejudice and hostility
展示光辉灿烂的文化和悠久的历史 display the brilliant culture and long history
本土语言 indigenous language不知不觉地消失 fade unconsciously
五、话题 (government)
有关当局 authorities concerned投资 investment of the government减少预算 cut budget增加税收 increase revenues消减开支 curtail expenditure on经济援助 financial assistance符合公众利益 be in keeping(line) with general interest
社会福利 social welfare武器 arms(weapons, armaments)基础设施 infrastructure
空间探索 space exploration提高国际地位 upgrade the international status
人道援助 humanitarian aid摆脱贫困 get rid of (shake off)poverty医疗保健 health care system健康的生活方式 healthy lifestyle公共交通 public transport
丰富人们的精神生活 enrich people’s spiritual life
高尚的精神追求 lofty spiritual pursuit视觉享受 visual enjoyment
六、犯罪话题(crime)
犯罪分子 criminal犯罪 commit a crime滋生犯罪 breed crimes青少年犯罪率上升 a rising juvenile delinquency rate
有罪 be guilty of社会安全和稳定 social security and stability
暴力和色情 violence and pornography
抵挡不住诱惑 fail to resist the lure误入歧途 go astray (lead somebody astray)惩罚 give punishment
关进 put into prison宠爱孩子 spoil the child家长的溺爱 parental permissiveness (excessive care)
单亲家庭 single-parent family家庭暴力 domestic violence缺乏家庭关爱 the lack of parental love监护人 guardian (supervisor, custodian)不严 slack supervision分辨是非 distinguish right from wrong
净化社会环境 purify the social environment

七、动物话题(animal)
栖息地 habitat保持生态平衡 maintain the ecological balance保护濒危的动物物种 preserve endangered animal species营养物 nutrient(nourishment)均衡饮食 a balanced diet拿动物做实验 perform experiments on animals (subject animals to experimentation)
活体解剖 vivisection逃脱不了被残杀的厄运 cannot escape the adversity of being killed
剥夺动物的生存权利 deprive the survival(existent) rights of animals
染上传染病 contract (catch)some infectious disease电脑模拟 computer simulation破坏自然环境(平衡)destroy(disrupt) natural environment (balance)
濒临灭绝 border on extinction,be in imminent danger of extinction(dying out), be on the verge of extinction满足人们的胃口 satisfy people’s appetite
素食者 vegetarian, antivivisectionist
陪伴某人 keep somebody company
忠实和温顺的伴侣 loyal and obedient companion
消除孤独 dispel (reduce)one’s loneliness
孩子的替代 surrogate(substitute)for children预防接种 inoculation
八、环境保护 (environmental protection)
环境污染 environmental pollution
污染严重 highly polluted
有毒的烟雾 poisonous smoke
废气(液)waste gas(liquid)二氧化碳 carbon dioxide倒垃圾 dump rubbish乱扔垃圾 litter rubbish everywhere
浪费自然资源 squander natural resource
不卫生的做法 unsanitary practice
无污染的燃料 pollution-free fuel
回收垃圾 recycle rubbish
垃圾的处理 disposal of rubbish
自然进化过程 a natural evolutionary process
适者生存 survival of the fittest
毁林 deforestation
不可弥补的损失 irreparable damage
生态灾祸 ecological disaster
自然选择 natural selection
水资源缺乏 water shortage, the scarcity of water resource ( resources, pollution)节约用水 save (economise)water
九、平等(inequality)
① 男女平等
gender equality (equality between the sexes)男女生来就平等 men and woman are born equal男女搭配,干活不累 when men and woman work together, neither of them will feel tired
性别(公开)歧视 sexual (overt)discrimination离婚率 divorce rate经济独立 be financially independent享受平等的权利 enjoy(share) equal rights
女性擅长护理,艺术和语言 show more talents than men in nursing, arts and language There is no need for them to get super well-groomed追求事业 pursue a career
具有同样资格 be equally qualified与男性享有同样的权利 share the same right as men特权 privilege自尊 self-respect(esteem)为妇女保留高水平工作比例 reserve a percentage of high-level jobs for females
② 工资平等
高工资 high salary differential between salaries拥有财富的量 owe the amount of monetary wealth对做出很大贡献 make great contributions to付出更多的努力 exert more efforts than创造财富 create wealth评价社会地位 value social status
十、社会生活(social life)
人才流动 personnel flow雄心壮志的 be ambitious(aspirant)展示才能 display one’s talent学会竞争与合作 learn to compete and cooperate
人际交往技能 interpersonal skills具有挑战性的工作 a challenging job收入颇丰 a fat salary丰富一个人的社会经历 enrich one’s social experience
展示一个人的才能 display one’s talent提高某人能力 improve one’s capabilities
下岗 lay off城市扩张 urban sprawl涌进大城市 flood into large cities监控摄像头 surveillance camera缓解交通压力 ease the traffic pressure人口激增 population explosion第三产业 tertiary industry更好的医疗服务 better medical services保持身体健康 keep physical fitness积极参加体育锻炼 be physically active(take an active part in physical exercises)