相信每一个在备战语言类考试的同学们,都在被“背单词”这件事情苦苦折磨中。
托福阅读的所选取的文章都是长度700-800字的学术话题的文章,词汇的考察更是重中之重。所有关于阅读考试的技巧,都是建立在有一定词汇量,能够完成基本长难句,段落理解之上的。 所以说,不存在可以绕过背单词这一项的提高阅读分数的应试技巧的。
However,some skills do exist in memorizing words. 在词汇学中,
英语单词的构成其实往往是有规律可循的。Thereare six major methods of word-formation:affixation(词缀), conversion (转换), composition (复合), blending(混合), backformation (逆序构词), and shortening (原词截短 缩略词)
在平常词汇积累中,比较常见比较实用的方法,是通过affixation,即词缀来辅助我们记忆单词。Affixation falls into two categories: prefixation(前缀)and suffixation(后缀)。今天,先给大家总结一些,比较常见的Prefixes。
1. Negative Prefixes (否定前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
un-
not,
the converse
of
unwise
non-
nonessential
dis-
dishonest
in-
informal
im-
immature
il-
illegal
ir-
irregular
a-
amoral
2. Reversative Prefixes(逆反前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
un-
reversing
the
action
unpack
de-
decode
dis-
disconnect
3. Pejorative Prefixes(贬义前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
mis-
wrongly
mishear
mal-
bad
Malformed(adj. 难看的;畸形的)
pseudo-
false
Pseudoscience(n. 伪科学)
4. Prefixes of Degree or Size (表范围和程度的前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
arch-
supreme
archbishop(n. 大主教)
super-
more than
supermarket
out-
surpassing
outlive(v. 比…活的长)
sur-
over
surcharge(n./v. 额外收费)
sub-
below
subnormal
over-
excessive
overconfident
under-
too little
underhand(adj.秘密的,不正常的)
hyper-
extreme
hypercritical(adj. 过于苛刻的)
ultra-
extreme
ultrafashionable
mini-
little
miniskirt
co-
jointly
co-author
extra-
very
extra-large
micro-
small
microeconomics(n. 微观经济学)
macro
large
macroeconomics(n. 宏观经济学)
5. Prefixes of Attitude (表态度的前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
co-
with
cooperate
counter-
against
counterattack
anti-
against
anti-clockwiseadj. 逆时针方向的
pro-
for
pro-Chinese(亲中立场;支持的)
6. Locative Prefixes (表方位的前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
sub-
under
subway
inter-
between, among
international
trans-
across, from one place to another
transplant
fore-
front
forename
extra-
outside
extra-curricular
intra-
within
intra-party
tele-
distant
telescope
7. Prefixes of Time and Order (表时间和顺序的前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
fore-
before
foresee
pre-
in advance
preschool
post-
after
postindustrial
ex-
former
ex-president
re-
again
resell
8. Number Prefixes(数字前缀)
prefixes
meaning
examples
semi-, demi-, hemi-
half
semi-feudal(adj. 半封建的)hemisphere(n.半球)
uni-, mono-
one
uniform, monotone(n. 单音调;adj. 单调的)
bi-, di-
two
bilingual(n. 能说两种语言的人), dioxide(n. 二氧化物)
tri-
three
triangle(n. 三角形)
quadr(i)-
four
quadrennial(adj. 每四年一次的)
看完这些前缀的总结,是不是发现很多单词其实是可以一起打包理解记忆的。甚至在做阅读理解的时候,可以根据某些单词的前缀来大致猜测词义。归纳总结完单词中常见的前缀prefixes,下一次再帮大家总结归纳常见的后缀suffixes吧!