下面小编跟大家一起了解
考研英语语法:主动句变被动句的方法,希望对大家的学习的有所帮助。
被动句的基本构成:被动语态由“be动词 过去分词”构成。
例如:
Everybody likes the beautiful girl. 大家都喜欢这个美丽的女孩。(主动语态)
The beautiful girl is liked by everybody. 这个可爱的女孩受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)
接下来就要看具体如何变形呢?
首先当主动句为主谓宾结构时,将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语并将随后的主动态动词词组变成被动词词组,原来的主语可放在随后的by词组中,如不需要突出动作的执行者,也可不要by词组。
例如:
(1)They punished the criminal. → The criminal was punished.
(2)All the six senators signed the bill. → The bill was signed by all six senators.
第二、如果主动句带有情态助动词或半助动词,在变为被动句时,情态动词或半助动词保持不变,随后的不定式由主动态变为被动态。
例如:
(1)They must have finished their work. → Their work must have been finished.
(2)They should do the work at once. → The work should be done at once.
第三、如果主动句是谓加双宾语结构,变为被动句时可有两种形式:一种是以间接宾语作主语;另一种是以直接宾语作主语。
例如:
(1)They offered him some assistance.
→ He was offered some assistance.
→ Some assistance was offered (to) him.
第四、如果主语句是主谓宾宾补结构,变为被动句时,将原来的宾语变为主语,动词主动态变被动态,原来的宾语补语变为主语补语。
例如:
(1)We have painted the windows white.
→The windows have been painted white.