一、代词
代词通常是指代名词的词，外国人使用语言最忌讳重复，往往相同信息会用不同的词语来表示，一种是使用近义词，或者使用不同的表达，另一种则是使用代词。
例：What is an intellectual? I shall define him as an individual.(2006年翻译46题)
By the date of his birth-(2008年翻译46题)
前面句子出现有名词，后面句子再出现时，为避免重复，常用代词来代替，所以代词也属于名词的一种。
名词在句中常做主语和宾语，所以翻译代词时，主要也是从这两方面进行考察，即考察代词作主语和代词作宾语时两种情况的翻译。
二、代词作主语
1. 常考的代词有 it, he, they, this, that, one
2. 真题演练：
a. To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (2010-50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in land community.
“it” 是代词且位于句首，那么一定要翻译出来，这句话信息才完整。这里it 指代上一句中的system。
b. In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but 2008-(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage.
这里代词是he，出现多次。翻译时不能一直用“他”代替，而要指出指代的是哪个词。第二句的后半句主语是代词he,应还原出原词信息才明确，这里上句的Darwin.
c. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgement. On the other hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 2007-(47)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities.
这里代词it 不位于句首，但它是主语，仍然要翻译出来，这里指上上句的law.
3. 方法总结
翻译条件：句首6个单词以内出现代词，需要把代词还原出来。
翻译方法：代词做主语时，按顺序找前面三句话中主语上的名词或宾语上的名词。（优先考虑主语）
翻译步骤：先找代词；确定是否需要翻译；找出代词指代的名词。
三、代词做宾语
1. 常考的代词有him, them。
2. 真题演练：
a. This definition excludes many individuals usually refereed to as intellectuals - the average scientist, for one. 2006-(48) I have excluded him...
这句话中代词时him做宾语，指代上一句的scientist,需要翻译出来。
b. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 2004-(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished.
这里代词时them, 作为句子主干的宾语，所以要翻译出来，指上句的anthropologist-linguist或者Franz Boas and Edward Sapir，优先考虑上文的主语，翻译有困难，再考虑表语pioneers；其次，这里人名的翻译容易写错别字，最好翻译anthropologist-linguist，为“人类语言学家”。
3. 方法总结
翻译条件：句首6个单词以内出现代词，需要把代词还原出来。
翻译方法：代词做宾语时，按顺序找前面三句话中主语上的名词或宾语上的名词。
翻译步骤：同上（代词做主语）
以上为考研英语翻译中代词翻译的基本方法，代词作主语近十年来考查了33次，更应给予高度关注；翻译方法来源于实践，应在实践中大量地应用才能熟练掌握，因此要多做练习，从而把握考题的命脉。